TGFB1 and cancer: In many oncological conditions as reviewed in (26) and (54), the presence of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the TME is associated with poor prognosis and outcome, as they produce IL-10, TGF-β, and prostaglandins that are potent immunosuppressors, suppressing the anti-tumor activities of NK, T and B cells in the TME, allowing survival and proliferation of cancer cells.