Furthermore, Ho-1 and Nqo1 mRNA expressions increased by AOM/DSS treatment were significantly lower in Nrf2 KO compared with WT in both males and females (P = 0.039 for Ho-1 and P = 0.020 for Nqo1 in males; P = 0.003 for Ho-1 and P = 0.001 for Nqo1 in females; Figures 3E–H). This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and infectious otitis media.