As an endosomal pattern-recognition receptor, TLR3 mediates innate immune response [78] and is found to induce apoptosis and thus result in oncogenesis, for instance, prostate cancer [79], non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer [80], colon cancer [81], papillary thyroid cancer [82], and nasopharyngeal carcinoma [83] as well as head and neck cancer [84]. The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is head and neck cancer.