Many of the reported effects of CM treatment in patients and animal models of DM and NAFLD including the hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, insulin-sensitizing, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory actions [21, 24, 25] cross-match with the stated actions of PPAR ligands and agonists in the treatment of these diseases [13–17, 26, 27]. Here, INS is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.