PPARA and metabolic syndrome: Many of the effects of CM treatment in NAFLD matched with the actions of the PPAR-α agonist (fibrates), the thiazolidinediones (TZDs) stimulating PPAR-γ, the dual α/γ agonist (glitazars), and the latest PPAR-α/δ agonist (elafibranor) in NAFLD and in obese patients with IR and DM as part of the metabolic syndrome.