Hafsi et al. (2012) then summarized the crucial role of PI3 k/PTEN/Akt pathway in the formation of drug resistance due to its role of regulating cell growth. What is more, Sekino et al. (2020) proved that knocking out PTEN could decrease the sensitivity to both sunitinib and sorafenib in RCC cells, which indicated the active participation of PTEN-related pathway in regulating cell responses to targeted agents. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and renal cell adenocarcinoma.