HMGB1 and bacterial infectious disease with sepsis: demonstrated that hepatocyte-released high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) played a significant part in the development of endotoxemia and bacterial sepsis, which could mediate caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis and sepsis lethality by delivering extracellular LPS into the cytosol of macrophages and endothelial cells, where LPS activates caspase-11 (51).