Our results together with evidence from the literature that TNFR1 contributes to fibrotic liver injury (18), insulin resistance (40) and hepatocellular carcinoma formation in NAFLD (41, 42) indicate that TNFR1 is a promising novel drug target for NAFLD and highlight the potential of Atrosimab as a novel therapeutic to treat NAFLD. Here, TNFRSF1A is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.