PADI4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Patients at the clinical onset of T1D displayed increased levels of cell-free DNA-histone complexes (Figure 2E, p = 0.0031) and peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), an enzyme which facilitates protein citrullination and has been intricately linked to NET formation (Figure 2F, p < 0.0001).