ENPP1 and infection: The alteration of cell wall integrity can negatively affect P. infestans pathogenicity (Resjö et al., 2017), and genes related to virulence and infection processes, such as RxLR (Kamoun, 2006), necrosis-inducing protein (NPP1) (Qutob et al., 2002) and thrombospondin (Robold and Hardham, 2005) were downregulated in tagatose-incubated P. infestans.