SIGMAR1 and breast carcinoma: Moreover, studies using cancer cell lines (e.g., breast cancer, hepato-carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma) have also shown Sigmar1 mediated regulation of autophagy where Sigmar1 inhibition by antagonists (IPAG [1-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(2-adamantyl) guanidine], haloperidol) increased autophagosome formation.