Furthermore, a meta-analysis that enrolled 32 studies of daily clinical practice demonstrated anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy provided survival benefits as sconed-line treatment of NSCLC, in which the median PFS and OS were 3.35 and 9.98 months, respectively (Mencoboni et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.