BRAF and melanoma: In the phase 3 trials, nivolumab showed a higher rate of objective response than chemotherapy regimens in patients with advanced melanoma who had disease progression after ipilimumab or a BRAF inhibitor (Weber et al., 2015) and a better overall survival (OS) of 72.9% at 1 year compared with 42.1% in the dacarbazine group as a first-line treatment (Robert et al., 2015a).