Recently, some studies have reported that the formation and development of pterygium are associated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclo-oxygenase (COX), and multiple proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-6, interleukin-8) (Adiguzel et al., 2007; Park et al., 2011; Martín-López et al., 2019). Here, VEGFA is linked to pterygium.