MMP9 and rheumatoid arthritis: In human RA FLS treated with TNF-α, the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17A were decreased (Figures 5C,D) whereas IL-10 mRNA level was increased (Figure 5B) by PTEN overexpression; moreover, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion was reduced (Figure 5E) along with the mRNA and protein expression of CCL-2, CCL-3, and CCL-8 (Figure 5F) and MMP-3 and MMP-9, with TIPM-1 levels showing the opposite trends (Figures 5E,H).