• Detected in the brains and biofluids of AD patients (Poole et al., 2013; Dominy et al., 2019) • Increased production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in mice (Ding et al., 2018; PMID: Ilievski et al., 2018) • Increased Aβ peptide accumulation in the brain of infected or PgLPS-treated mice (Wu et al., 2017; Ilievski et al., 2018). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Alzheimer disease.