(i) Subjects without BMD data were excluded (n = 14344); (ii) subjects without HDL-C data were excluded (n = 1080); (iii) subjects below 20 years of age were excluded (n = 5516); (iv) subjects with cancer, malignancy or female hormone use were excluded (n = 1576); and (v) subjects with missing values for other variables were excluded (n = 1263, education level: 8, income to poverty ratio: 600, BMI: 244, smoking status: 1, drinking status: 349, hypertension: 8, diabetes: 4, ALT: 45, AST: 1, cholesterol: 1, C-reactive protein: 2). Here, CRP is linked to diabetes mellitus.