Decreased C9ORF72 RNA and protein is observed in tissue from C9ORF72-ALS/FTD patients (34, 78, 79, 80), and the C9ORF72 protein regulates autophagy induction (81, 82, 83), autophagosome maturation (82), and lysosomal biogenesis (83). This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.