C9orf72 and frontotemporal dementia: Decreased C9ORF72 RNA and protein is observed in tissue from C9ORF72-ALS/FTD patients (34, 78, 79, 80), and the C9ORF72 protein regulates autophagy induction (81, 82, 83), autophagosome maturation (82), and lysosomal biogenesis (83).