As protein kinases such as ERK1/2 and GSK-3β are intimately associated with Tau hyperphosphorylation in neurodegenerative conditions (18), we also followed the time course of Tau phosphorylation (Ser202 and Ser396) and observed that phosphorylation at both sites increased with 60 days of infection, remaining elevated at 75 and 105 days (Fig. 2B). Here, MAPK3 is linked to infection.