The results from our transformation model show that HFs can be directly converted to lineage-specific cancer by first inducing cell fate conversion towards hepatocyte identity with three lineage-specific TFs, HNF1A, HNF4A, and FOXA3, and then exposing the cells to liver cancer-specific oncogenes CTNNB1T41A, MYC, and TERT. This evidence concerns the gene TERT and liver cancer.