AFP and liver cancer: We also detected a clear upregulation of several liver cancer marker genes such as AFP, GPC3, SAA1, and VIL1 in transformed iHeps and in CMT + sgTP53 tumors compared to control fibroblasts (Fig. 5B); AFP was also found among the most enriched genes (Supplementary Fig. S6A) in both CMT + sgTP53- and CMT-transformed iHeps.