CXCL12 and acute myeloid leukemia: Lopes et al. reported that MSCs in AML patients at diagnosis are characterized by high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IDO1, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-32 and decrease of IL-10 compared to MSCs collected at the time of disease relapse indicating that MSCs as TAMs are plastic cells that may respond to environmental stimuli [58].