Launch of the first CTLA-4 blocking antibody (ipilimumab) in 20109 and PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) in 201410,11 represented watershed moments that showed the promise of using immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICIs) as a standard of immunotherapy for many tumor types12. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and neoplasm.