MSTN and chronic kidney disease: This is accompanied by the increased expression of negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass (Atrogin-1, Murf-1 and Myostatin) (Fig. 6H–J) but decreased expression of pro-myogenic factors (IGF-1, Pax-7, MyoD and Myogenin) in gastrocnemius of WT/CKD mice (Fig. 6K–N).