This was accompanied by decreasing the gene expression of negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass (Atrogin-1, Murf-1 and Myostatin) while increasing the gene expression of pro-myogenic factors (IGF-1, Pax-7, MyoD and Myogenin) in CKD mice (Fig. 6H–N). The gene discussed is MSTN; the disease is chronic kidney disease.