Taken together, our data indicate the robust power of integrative transcriptomics to select targets for subsequent functional studies in ADPKD, including the 6 replicated (C3, FSTL1, PCOLCE, PCSK9, SPP1 and ZFP37) and 8 newly identified (CD34, CDH2, CSF2RA, DLX5, HOXC9, PIK3R1, PLCB1 and TLR6) genes (Fig. 6d). The gene discussed is PCSK9; the disease is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.