Of those, 31 replicated in ≥ 3 independent transcriptional profiles (Rep31), with six genes (ALDH2, APLN, GAL3ST1, HS6ST2, PANK1 and PCSK9) showing concordant regulation across studies, substantiating their pathophysiological relevance in ADPKD (Figs. 6a,b, S6b,c). Here, PANK1 is linked to autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.