More recently, the expression of the CCR5 ligands CCL3/MIP1α, CCL4/MIP1β, CCL3L1, and CCL5/RANTES also has been implicated in neutrophil recruitment to tumor tissues in patients with melanoma and mouse models as well as in patients with NSCLC.94 Therefore, several trials are assessing whether the combination of the CCR5 inhibitor vicriviroc with pembrolizumab (NCT03631407) or of the CCR2/5 inhibitor BMS-813160 with nivolumab (NCT03184870) could be more effective than immune checkpoint blockade alone by inhibiting TAN-mediated cancer promotion and immunosuppression. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3 and cancer.