LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Serum, plasma, and urine NGAL are useful in predicting AKI, although recent meta-analysis has confirmed the superiority of urine NGAL over serum/plasma measurements (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.92 for urine NGAL, AUC = 0.87 for serum NGAL, and AUC = 0.84 for plasma NGAL) in patients with sepsis [16].