For instance, even though novel biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), KIM-1, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), have been identified for the early detection and diagnosis of AKI. Here, HAVCR1 is linked to acute kidney injury.