In contrast, upon exposure to IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), macrophages can undergo M2 activation, which is characterized by tissue repair, matrix remodeling, and tumor promotion, and mirrors those of Th2 responses. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.