Polymorphisms of cytokines associated with the risk of PID, such as interleukin (IL)-1A [14], IL-1B [14,15], IL-6 [16,17], tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [17], and IL-10 [15,18] as an anti-inflammatory cytokine, could inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines and the induction of B lymphocyte proliferation as well as prevent the proliferation and activation of natural killer cells [19]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pelvic inflammatory disease.