This uncontrolled cell growth is greatly manifested by the constitutive activation of several proliferation-related signalling pathways, notably transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathways in cancer cells [3,10]. Here, MTOR is linked to cancer.