EPO and cancer: In normal physiological conditions, angiogenesis is regulated by a tight network of growth factors and cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and erythropoietin (EPO), produced by various types of cells, which include endothelial, smooth muscle, inflammatory and cancer cells [2].