CASC2 and Renal insufficiency: In a study involving diabetic patients with chronic complications, compared to healthy controls, CASC2 (Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 2) was downregulated in serum and in renal tissue of T2D patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); additionally, T2D patients without complications but with low CASC2 levels, had higher incidence of renal failure in the following 5 years, suggesting its potential use as a diagnostic biomarker in CKD [118].