PRKN and Parkinson disease: While most cases are sporadic, around 20 disease-associated genes have been identified, including mutations in LRRK2, SNCA, PINK1, Parkin, and GBA. Despite the fact that several molecular mechanisms have been identified in PD, including α-synuclein pathology, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired protein degradation, the exact cause of PD is still unknown.