The role of IFN in JSLE and SLE pathogenesis is relatively well established, as various studies showed increased expression of genes related to type I IFN signalling pathway [IFN signature], however the role of type I IFN signature in defining certain subgroups of patients or predicting disease activity is more controversial [219,220,221]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.