There is evidence that some autoantibodies, such as ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies can predate SLE onset with many years [28,29], and that overall patients with JSLE had higher titres of anti-dsDNA, anti Sm and anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies that patients with adult-onset SLE as well as more severe disease [12]. The gene discussed is RNPC3; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.