Internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations of the FLT3 juxtamembrane domain, which are gain-of-function mutations observed in 25–35 percent of newly diagnosed AML patients [6], and tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) point mutations [9] are the two major forms of FLT3 mutations found in newly diagnosed AML patients. The gene discussed is FLT3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.