Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, is known to play important roles in multiple diseases including various cancers (e.g., colorectal [1], glioblastoma [2], and squamous cell carcinoma [3]), neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [4]), and tissue fibrosis (e.g., skeletal muscle fibrosis [5]). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.