TNF and colorectal carcinoma: Similarly, enhanced NF-κB function in CRC promotes he expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β, increases the levels of angiogenic factors like HIF-1α, IL-8 and VEGF and facilitates the expression of metastatic genes, including several chemokines, cytoskeletal genes and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [49].