Regarding DN, in vitro experiments using tubular epithelial cells and podocytes reported that hyperglycemic stimulation promotes HMGB-1 secretion, promoting increased expression of TLR2 and TLR4, activation of NF-kB, and increased levels of various proinflammatory cytokines [41,42,43]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and liver dysplastic nodule.