ERF and infection: Accordingly, we suggest that VdISC1 has dual pathogenic functions to subvert the immunity of upland cotton: inhibiting SA biosynthesis by decreasing the accumulation of SA precursors [11] during the biotrophic phase of infection and suppressing the expression of JA/ET-inducible resistance genes by binding with GhKWL1, the up-regulator of ERF genes, during the necrotrophic phase of infection.