GSDMD and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Metformin could induce GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) by targeting the miR-497-PELP1 axis, indicating that pyroptosis-inducing reagents could serve as alternative treatments for chemo- and radiotherapy refractory ESCC [84] (Table 2).