GSEA showed that gene sets associated with the interferon-γ response or signaling pathways that lead to an increased expression of PD-L1 were enriched in AraC-residual AML cells (Figure 4a) and in patients with a shorter overall survival (OS; Figure 4b,c), indicating a key role of immune checkpoints in a relapse to chemotherapy in AML. Here, CD274 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.