Furthermore, the preclinical efficacy of the trametinib (MEK1/2i) + hydroxychloroquine combination against KRAS-driven pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma or NRAS-driven melanoma has already led to multiple clinical trials (NCT03825289, NCT04145297, and NCT03979651) in these areas. Here, MAP2K1 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.