BRAF and colorectal cancer: In the context of BRAF-driven tumorigenesis, either overexpression of normal BRAF (BRAFWT) or the mutationally activated oncoprotein kinase BRAFV600E has been reported to increase autophagy in melanoma or colorectal cancer cells, as assessed by changes in the LC3-I:LC3-II ratio, with BRAFV600E having the more pronounced effects on autophagy [114,115,116].