Specifically in relation to HNSCC, Agrawal and Stransky independently and simultaneously confirmed previously known HNSCC genome alterations such as mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, PTEN, and HRAS [24,25] but also identified a novel gene NOTCH1 [15,16]. This evidence concerns the gene NOTCH1 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.