VEGFA and cancer: Upregulated genes interfere with several biological processes including metabolism (via GLUT-1 (glucose transporter-1) or CA-IX (carbonic anhydrase IX), neo-angiogenesis (via VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor), epithelial to mesenchymal transition (via vimentin), cancer stem cells (CSC) induction and maintenance (via Sox2), cancer cell migration and invasion (via TGF-α, transforming growth factor-α), and inflammatory mediator production (via IL-6) [35].