Recently, preclinical efforts to improve IL13Rα2-directed CAR T cell therapy have included the incorporation of an IL13Rα2-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) [106], complementary IL15 expression to enhance T cell effector function [107], characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment following CAR T cell therapy [108] and optimal selection of T cell subsets for sustained CAR activity [109]. This evidence concerns the gene IL13RA2 and neoplasm.