KLK3 and cancer: Figure 1 and Figure S1 in the online Data Supplement display the distributions of age and ln PSA in patients with and without PCa, and with or without histological evidence of glandular inflammation, respectively. The presence of glandular inflammation markedly prevailed in patients free of cancer vs. those diagnosed with PCa (41.7% vs. 8.2%, p < 0.001), and far lower in advanced (4.9%) and poorly differentiated PCa (1.6%). In cancer-free patients, the presence of inflammation significantly increased PSA concentrations [6.64 μg/L (4.6–11.1) vs. 5.2 μg/L (3.7–7.3); p < 0.0001].