We showed that E. coli treatment increased the mastitis inflammation score (Fig 1B and 1C), MPO activity (Fig 1D) and consistent expression of cytokines compared to the control group (Fig 1E and 1F), while Ficz pretreatment decreased the E. coli-induced inflammatory profiles compared to the E. coli treatment (Fig 1B–1F). Here, MPO is linked to mastitis.