Our results suggest that bacterial infection will result in relatively greater chemokine (CCL5, CXCL10) release, and relatively less cytokine (IL-6, TNFα) release, from microglia, compared to single-stranded virus infection.These findings emphasise that protein level does not always reflect mRNA level, and other factors may influence the amount of protein that is detectable. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.