During the transformation of MDS to s-AML the majority of patients gain additional cytogenetic or molecular genetic aberrations (e.g., FLT3 mutations) and distinct mutation patterns can be detected during progression of MDS to s-AML (Flach et al. 2011; Fernandez-Mercado et al. 2012). The gene discussed is FLT3; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.