Collective evidence from data science, experiments, and RCTs have already enabled clinicians to identify patients with a specific subtype of asthma (e.g., allergic asthma, eosinophilic asthma) by effective biomarkers (e.g., IgE, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, eosinophil quantification) and to provide targeted treatments (e.g., anti-IgE, anti-IL-5 therapies) (51, 52). This evidence concerns the gene IGHE and asthma.