CSF3 and neoplasm: It has been reported that many soluble factors in the tumor microenvironment are related to the growth and survival of cells, such as vascular growth factor (VEGF) (Dias et al., 2002), interleukin-3, 6 (IL-3; IL-6) (Lee et al., 2004; Karakasheva et al., 2018), nitric oxide (NO) (Vedenko et al., 2020), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (Karagiannidis et al., 2021), B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) (Lwin et al., 2009), etc. These soluble factors can not only stimulate the proliferation and survival of tumor cells but also lead to drug resistance.