Therefore, we transduced 3BNC117-CAR with a PD-1 dominant negative receptor (DNR) that contained the extracellular domain of the natural PD-1 molecule fused to a CD8 hinge-transmembrane domain in a lentivirus vector, referring to an attempt at cancer CAR-T therapy (Figure 1A; Cherkassky et al., 2016). Here, PDCD1 is linked to cancer.